在Ubuntu 18.04系统上安装Tomcat的详细指南

本文目录导读：

1. <"http://#id1" title="准备工作" "">准备工作
2. <"http://#id2" title="安装Java" "">安装Java
3. <"http://#id3" title="下载Tomcat" "">下载Tomcat
4. <"http://#id4" title="解压Tomcat" "">解压Tomcat
5. <"http://#id5" title="配置环境变量" "">配置环境变量
6. <"http://#id6" title="启动Tomcat" "">启动Tomcat
7. <"http://#id7" title="关闭Tomcat" "">关闭Tomcat
8. <"http://#id8" title="设置防火墙规则（可选）" "">设置防火墙规则（可选）

在Ubuntu 18.04系统上安装Tomcat需要一些步骤，以下是一个详细的指南，帮助您完成这个过程。

准备工作

在开始安装之前，请确保您的Ubuntu系统已经更新到最新版本，您可以通过运行以下命令来更新系统：

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

安装Java

Tomcat需要Java运行环境，您可以通过以下命令安装Java：

sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk

下载Tomcat

从Apache Tomcat官方网站下载最新版本的Tomcat，您可以从以下链接下载：

https://tomcat.apache.org/download-90.cgi

选择适合您系统的版本，并下载到本地目录。

解压Tomcat

将下载的Tomcat压缩包解压到您选择的目录，您可以将其解压到/opt目录：

sudo tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M1.tar.gz -C /opt

配置环境变量

编辑~/.bashrc文件，添加以下内容：

export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M1
export PATH=$PATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

然后运行以下命令使更改生效

source ~/.bashrc

启动Tomcat

进入Tomcat目录，并启动Tomcat：

cd /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M1/bin/
./startup.sh

您可以在浏览器中访问http://localhost:8080来验证Tomcat是否成功启动，如果看到Tomcat的默认页面，则表示安装成功。

关闭Tomcat

要关闭Tomcat，请运行以下命令：

./shutdown.sh

设置防火墙规则（可选）

如果您希望通过防火墙允许外部访问Tomcat，请运行以下命令：

1、打开防火墙配置文件

sudo nano /etc/ufw/before.rules

2、在文件末尾添加以下内容

对于IPv4

# Tomcat HTTP (8080) and HTTPS (8443) access for inbound traffic on the local subnet (192.168.*.*) only. You may need to adjust the subnet range as appropriate for your network configuration. The default subnet range for a local subnet is 192.168.*.*. Adjust the range if you have a different local subnet configuration. For example: 192.168.0.* or 192.168.1.* etc. Adjust the port range if you have multiple instances of Tomcat running on different ports on the same server. For example: 8080-8090 and 8443-8453 etc. Adjust the protocol to TCP if required (UDP is the default). Adjust the source address range if you want to limit access to a specific source IP address range instead of the entire subnet. For example: 192.168.0.0/24 or 10.0.0.0/24 etc. Adjust the destination address range if you want to limit access to a specific destination IP address range instead of the entire subnet or server IP address range. For example: 192.168.0.0/24 or 10.0.0.0/24 etc. Adjust the port range if you have multiple instances of Tomcat running on different ports on the same server. For example: 8080-8090 and 8443-8453 etc. Adjust the protocol to TCP if required (UDP is the default). Adjust the source address range if you want to limit access to a specific source IP address range instead of the entire subnet or server IP address range. For example: 192.168.0.0/24 or 10.0.0.0/24 etc. Adjust the destination address range if you want to limit access to a specific destination IP address range instead of the entire subnet or server IP address range. For example: 192.168.0.0/24 or 10.0.0.0/24 etc. Adjust the protocol to TCP if required